小发夹RNA
小发夹RNA（Short hairpin RNA，shRNA）是一种形成急转弯（hairpin turn）结构的RNA序列，可以经由RNA干扰（RNAi）使基因表现沉默化。shRNA可利用载体导入细胞当中，并借由U6启动子来确保shRNA的表现。另外，shRNA可经由切割转变成为siRNA
参考文献
- McIntyre G, Fanning G (2006). "Design and cloning strategies for constructing shRNA expression vectors". BMC Biotechnol. 6: 1. PMID 16396676.
- Harper S, Staber P, He X, Eliason S, Martins I, Mao Q, Yang L, Kotin R, Paulson H, Davidson B (2005). "RNA interference improves motor and neuropathological abnormalities in a Huntington's disease mouse model". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 102 (16): 5820-5. PMID 15811941.
- Nielsen M, Pedersen F, Kjems J (2005). "Molecular strategies to inhibit HIV-1 replication". Retrovirology 2: 10. PMID 15715913.
- Paddison P, Caudy A, Bernstein E, Hannon G, Conklin D (2002). "Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) induce sequence-specific silencing in mammalian cells". Genes Dev. 16 (8): 948-58. PMID 11959843.
- Cao W, Hunter R, Strnatka D, McQueen C, Erickson R (2005). "DNA constructs designed to produce short hairpin, interfering RNAs in transgenic mice sometimes show early lethality and an interferon response". J. Appl. Genet. 46 (2): 217-25. PMID 15876690.
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主要生物化学物质种类 |
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| 肽 | 氨基酸 | 核酸 | 糖类 | 核苷糖 | 脂类 | 萜类 | 类胡萝卜素 | 四吡咯 | 辅因子 | 类固醇 | 类黄酮 | 生物碱 | 聚酮 | 配糖类 | ||
| Analogues of nucleic acids: | 核酸类型 | Analogues of nucleic acids: |
| 碱基： | 嘌呤（腺嘌呤/鸟嘌呤） | 嘧啶（尿嘧啶/胸腺嘧啶/胞嘧啶） | |
|---|---|---|
| 核苷： | 腺苷/去氧腺苷 | 鸟苷/去氧鸟苷 | 尿苷 | 胸苷 | 胞苷/去氧胞苷 | |
| 核苷酸： | AMP/UMP/TMP/GMP/CMP | ADP/UDP/TDP/GDP/CDP | ATP/UTP/TTP/GTP/CTP | cAMP/cGMP/cADPR | |
| 去氧核苷酸： | dAMP/dTMP/dGMP/dCMP | dADP/dTDP/dGDP/dCDP | dATP/dTTP/dGTP/dCTP | |
| 核糖核酸： | RNA | mRNA | piRNA | tRNA | rRNA | ncRNA | gRNA | shRNA | siRNA | snRNA | miRNA | snoRNA | |
| 去氧核糖核酸： | DNA | mtDNA | cDNA | 质体 | 黏质体 | BAC | YAC | HAC | |
| 核酸相似物： | GNA | PNA | TNA | LNA | Morpholino | |
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