Hello World


Hello World (正體)

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Hello, World! 程序是一个在计算机屏幕上,只印出 "Hello, World!"(意为“世界,你好!”)这一行字串的计算机程序。像这样简单的程序,通常是计算机程序设计语言的初学者,在学习编写时的第一个程序。它还可以用来确定该语言的编译器、程序开发环境,以及运行环境是否已经安装妥当。

把印出 "Hello World" 作为第一个范例程序,现在已经成为编程语言学习的传统。该程序由 Brian Kernighan 和丹尼斯·里奇写的计算机程序设计教程《C语言程序设计》(The C Programming Language)而广泛流传;但这本书并不是 "hello, world" 的滥觞,虽然这是一个普遍存在的错误认知。

这范例程序最早出现于 1972 年,由贝尔实验室成员 Brian Kernighan 撰写的内部技术文件《Introduction to the Language B》之中。不久同作者于 1974 年所撰写的《Programming in C: A Tutorial》,也延用这个范例;而以本文件扩编改写的《C语言程序设计》也保留了这个範例程式。

"hello, world" 程序的标准打印内容必须满足“全小写,无惊叹号,逗点后需空一格”,不过流传至今,完全恪守传统的反而罕见。

以下是用不同语言写成的 Hello World 程序的几个例子:

目录

打印到终端

ActionScript

trace("Hello, world!");

Ada

with TEXT_IO;
 
procedure HELLO is
begin
    TEXT_IO.PUT_LINE ("Hello, world!");
end HELLO;

汇编语言

x86 CPU,GNU/Linux,NASM

     section .data
 msg     db      'Hello, world!',0xA
 len     equ     $-msg
 
     section .text
 global  _start
 _start:
         mov     edx,len
         mov     ecx,msg
         mov     ebx,1
         mov     eax,4
         int     0x80
 
         mov     ebx,0
         mov     eax,1
         int     0x80

x86 CPUWindowsMASM32

        .386
        .model   flat,stdcall
        option   casemap:none
;==========================================================
    include     windows.inc
    include     user32.inc
    includelib  user32.lib
    include     kernel32.inc
    includelib  kernel32.lib
;==========================================================
        .data
szCaption   db    "A MessageBox!", 0
szText      db    "Hello, world!", 0
;==========================================================
        .code
start:
    invoke   MessageBox, NULL, addr szText, addr szCaption, MB_OK
    invoke   ExitProcess, NULL
;==========================================================
    end  start

ASP

<% Response.Write("Hello, world!") %>
或者:
<% strHelloWorld = "Hello, world!" %>
<%= strHelloWorld %>
或者简单地写成:
<%= "Hello, world!" %>

AutoIt

MsgBox(1,'','Hello, world!')

AWK

BEGIN { print "Hello, world!" }

Bash (or sh)

 echo 'Hello, world!'

或者:

  printf 'Hello, world!\n'

BASIC

传统版 BASIC(例如 GWBASIC):

10 PRINT "Hello, world!"
20 END

或在提示符输入:

? "Hello, world!"

现代版 BASIC(例如 Quick BASIC):

PRINT "Hello, world!"

以下的语句, 在 Quick BASIC 中同样有效:

? "Hello,world!"

BCPL

GET "LIBHDR"
 
LET START () BE
$(
    WRITES ("Hello, world!*N")
$)

Brainfuck

++++++++++[>+++++++>++++++++++>+++>+<<<<-]>++.>+.+++++++..+++.>++.<<
+++++++++++++++.>.+++.------.--------.>+.>.

BlitzBasic

Print "Hello, world!"
WaitKey

BOO

print "Hello, world!"

C

#include <stdio.h>
 
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
   printf("Hello, world!\n");
   return 0;
}

或者:

#include <stdio.h>
int main(void)
{puts("Hello, world!");}

C++

#include <iostream>
 
int main()
{
    std::cout << "Hello, world!" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

或者:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
    cout << "Hello, world!" << endl;
    return 0;
}

C++/CLI

int main()
{
    System::Console::WriteLine("Hello, world!");
}

C# (C Sharp)

class HelloWorldApp
{
    static void Main()
    {
        System.Console.WriteLine("Hello, world!");
    }
}

或者(仅用于Microsoft Windows)

class HelloWorldApp
{
     [DllImport("user32.dll")]
     static extern MessageBox(string title, string message);
     public static void Main()
     {
          MessageBox(null, "Hello, world!");
     }
}

或者(使用附加的Windows Forms)

using System.Windows.Forms;
class HelloWorldApp
{
     public static void Main()
     {
          MessageBox.Show("Hello, world!");
     }
}

COBOL

IDENTIFICATION DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID.     HELLO-WORLD.
 
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.
 
DATA DIVISION.
 
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
DISPLAY "Hello, world!".
STOP RUN.

Common Lisp

(format t "Hello world!~%")

DOS批处理

@echo Hello, world!

对于MS-DOS 3.0或更低版本:

echo off
cls
echo Hello, world!

Eiffel

class HELLO_WORLD
 
creation
    make
feature
    make is
    local
        io:BASIC_IO
    do
        !!io
        io.put_string("%N Hello, world!")
    end -- make
end -- class HELLO_WORLD

Erlang

    -module(hello).
    -export([hello_world/0]).
 
    hello_world() -> io:fwrite("Hello, World!\n").

Forth

." Hello, world!" CR

Fortran

    WRITE(*,10)
10  FORMAT('Hello, World!')
    STOP
    END

HTML

<!-- 直接輸出... -->
 
Hello World
 
<!-- 或者 -->
 
<html>
<head>
<title> Hello World </title>
</head>
<body>
Hello World
</body>
</html>

HQ9+

H

INTERCAL

PLEASE DO ,1 <- #13
DO ,1 SUB #1 <- #238
DO ,1 SUB #2 <- #112
DO ,1 SUB #3 <- #112
DO ,1 SUB #4 <- #0
DO ,1 SUB #5 <- #64
DO ,1 SUB #6 <- #238
DO ,1 SUB #7 <- #26
DO ,1 SUB #8 <- #248
DO ,1 SUB #9 <- #168
DO ,1 SUB #10 <- #24
DO ,1 SUB #11 <- #16
DO ,1 SUB #12 <- #158
DO ,1 SUB #13 <- #52
PLEASE READ OUT ,1
PLEASE GIVE UP

Java

public class Hello
{
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        System.out.println("Hello, world!");
    }
}

JSP

<%
    out.print("Hello, world!");
%>

Lua

print "Hello, world!"

Metapost

beginfig(1);
draw (0,0)--(0,10);
draw (0,5)--(5,5);
draw (5,0)--(5,10);
draw (12,0)--(7,0)--(7,10)--(12,10);
draw (12,5)--(7,5);
draw (14,10)--(14,0)--(19,0);
draw (21,10)--(21,0)--(26,0);
draw (28,5)...(30.5,0)...(33,5)...(30.5,10)...cycle;
draw (38,10)--(39.25,0)--(40.5,10)--(41.75,0)--(43,10);
draw (45,5)...(47.5,0)...(50,5)...(47.5,10)...cycle;
draw (52,0)--(52,10);
draw (52,10)..(57,4)..(52,6.5);
draw (52,5)--(57,0);
draw (61,10)--(61,0)--(66,0);
draw (68,10)--(68,0)..(73,5)..cycle;
endfig;
end

它会帮你画出来……

MIXAL

TERM    EQU    19          the MIX console device number
        ORIG   1000        start address
START   OUT    MSG(TERM)   output data at address MSG
        HLT                halt execution
MSG     ALF    "MIXAL"
        ALF    " HELL"
        ALF    "O WOR"
        ALF    "LD   "
        END    START       end of the program

Nuva

<..直接输出..>
Hello, world!
 
<..或者..>
 
<.
  // 不带换行
  ?  "Hello, world!"
 
  // 或者
 
  // 带换行
  ?? 'Hello, world!'
.>

OCaml

let main () =
    print_endline "Hello world!";;

Pascal

program Hello;
begin
    writeln('Hello, world!');
end.

Perl

#!/usr/local/bin/perl
print "Hello, world!\n";

PHP

<?php
    echo 'Hello, world!';//通常使用這個, 比 print 少一個字元
    print 'Hello, world!';
?>

或者

<?= "Hello World!"?>

Pike

#!/usr/local/bin/pike
int main()
{
    write("Hello, world!\n");
    return 0;
}

PL/I

Test: procedure options(main);
    declare My_String char(20) varying initialize('Hello, world!');
    put skip list(My_String);
end Test;

Prolog

goal
    write("hello,world!").

Python

Python 3.0 之前

#!/usr/local/bin/python
print "Hello, world!"

Python 3.0 及之后

#!/usr/local/bin/python
print("Hello, world!")

REXX

say "Hello, world!"

Ruby

#!/usr/bin/ruby
print "Hello, world!\n"

Scheme

(display "Hello, world!")
(newline)

sed

(需要至少一行输入)

sed -ne '1s/.*/Hello, world!/p'

Seed7

$ include "seed7_05.s7i";
 
  const proc: main is func
    begin
      writeln("Hello, world!");
    end func;

Smalltalk

Transcript show: 'Hello, world!'

SNOBOL

    OUTPUT = "Hello, world!"
END

SQL

CREATE TABLE MESSAGE (TEXT char(15));
INSERT INTO MESSAGE (TEXT) VALUES ('Hello, world!');
SELECT TEXT FROM MESSAGE;
DROP TABLE MESSAGE;

Tcl

#!/usr/local/bin/tcl
puts "Hello, world!"

TScript

? "Hello, world!"

Turing

put "Hello, world!"

UNIX-style shell

程序中的/bin/sh可改为您使用的shell

#!/bin/sh
echo 'Hello, world!'


GUI

Delphi

program HelloWorld;
uses
    Dialogs;
begin
    ShowMessage('Hello, World!');
end.

Nuva

<.
  System.Ui.ShowMessage('Nuva', 'Hello, world!', ['OK'])
.>

Visual Basic

MsgBox "Hello, world!"
'或者
Print "Hello, world!"

Visual FoxPro

? "Hello, world!"

X11

用一个程序

xmessage 'Hello, world!'

用C++和gtkmm 2

#include <iostream>
#include <gtkmm/main.h>
#include <gtkmm/button.h>
#include <gtkmm/window.h>
using namespace std;
 
class HelloWorld : public Gtk::Window 
{
public:
    HelloWorld();
    virtual ~HelloWorld();
protected:
    Gtk::Button m_button;
    virtual void on_button_clicked();
};
 
HelloWorld::HelloWorld() : m_button("Hello, world!")
{
    set_border_width(10);
    m_button.signal_clicked().connect(SigC::slot(*this, &HelloWorld::on_button_clicked));
    add(m_button);
    m_button.show();
}
 
HelloWorld::~HelloWorld() {}
 
void HelloWorld::on_button_clicked() 
{
    cout << "Hello, world!" << endl;
}
 
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) 
{
    Gtk::Main kit(argc, argv);
    HelloWorld helloworld;
    Gtk::Main::run(helloworld);
}

Java

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
 
public class HelloFrame extends Frame 
{
    HelloFrame(String title) 
    {
        super(title);
    }
    public void paint(Graphics g)
    {
        super.paint(g);
        java.awt.Insets ins = this.getInsets();
        g.drawString("Hello, World!", ins.left + 25, ins.top + 25);
    }
    public static void main(String args [])
    {
        HelloFrame fr = new HelloFrame("Hello");
 
        fr.addWindowListener(
            new WindowAdapter() 
            {
                public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
                {
                    System.exit( 0 );
                }
            }
        );
        fr.setResizable(true);
        fr.setSize(500, 100);
        fr.setVisible(true);
    }
}

Java Applet

Java Applet用于HTML文件。

HTML代码:

<html>
<head>
<title>Hello World</title>
</head>
<body>
HelloWorld Program says:
<applet code="HelloWorld.class" width="600" height="100">
</applet>
</body>
</html>

Java代码:

import java.applet.*;
import java.awt.*;
 
public class HelloWorld extends Applet 
{
    public void paint(Graphics g) 
    {
        g.drawString("Hello, world!", 100, 50);
    }
}

JavaScript

JavaScript是一种脚本语言。最广泛用于HTML文件中,也可以用在其它宿主环境下,比如Microsoft® Windows® 脚本宿主 (WSH)和一些web服务环境。

用于HTML中:

alert("Hello World");

用于WSH中:

WScript.Echo("Hello World");

PostScript

PostScript是一种专门用来创建图像的语言,常用于打印机。

/font /Courier findfont 24 scalefont
font setfont
100 100 moveto
(Hello World!) show
showpage

XAML

 <Page
  xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
  xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
  x:Class="XAMLSample.Page1"
 >
  <Button Click="HelloWorld" Name="Button1">Click Here</Button>
 </Page>
 using System;
 using System.Windows;
 using System.Windows.Controls;
 
 namespace XAMLSample
 {
  public partial class Page1 : Page
  {
    void HelloWorld(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
    {
      MessageBox.Show("Hello, world!");
    }
  }
 }

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