Motorola

Motorola Inc.
Type	Public (NYSE: MOT)
Founded	1928
Headquarters	Schaumburg, Illinois, USA
Key people	[1] Greg Brown, President and Co-CEO [2] Sanjay Jha, Co-CEO[3]
Industry	Telecommunications
Products	Embedded systems Microprocessors Mobile phones Two-Way radios Networking Systems
Revenue	▲$36.622 billion USD (2007)[4][5]
Operating income	▼ $553.0 million USD (2007)[5]
Net income	▼ $49.0 million USD (2007)[5]
Employees	66,000 (2008)[6]
Website	www.motorola.com

Motorola Inc. (NYSE: MOT) is an American, multinational, Fortune 100,^[7] telecommunications company based in Schaumburg, Illinois. It is a manufacturer of wireless telephone handsets, also designing and selling wireless network infrastructure equipment such as cellular transmission base stations and signal amplifiers. Motorola's home and broadcast network products include set-top boxes, digital video recorders, and network equipment used to enable video broadcasting, computer telephony, and high-definition television. Its business and government customers consist mainly of wireless voice and broadband systems used to build private networks and public safety communications systems.

History

Motorola started as Galvin Manufacturing Corporation in 1928. The name Motorola was adopted in 1930, and the word has been used as a trademark since the 1930s. Founders Paul Galvin and Joseph Galvin came up with the name Motorola when the company started manufacturing car radios.^[8]

Many of Motorola's products have been radio-related, starting with a battery eliminator for radios, through the first walkie-talkie in the world, defense electronics, cellular infrastructure equipment, and mobile phone manufacturing. In September 1983, the firm made history when the FCC approved the DynaTAC 8000X telephone, the world's first-only commercial cellular device. The company was also strong in semiconductor technology, including integrated circuits used in computers. Motorola has been the main supplier for the microprocessors used in Atari ST, Commodore Amiga, Color Computer, Apple Macintosh and Power Macintosh personal computers. The chip used in the latter computers, the PowerPC family, was developed with IBM and in a partnership with Apple (known as the AIM alliance). Motorola also has a diverse line of communication products, including satellite systems, digital cable boxes and modems.

On September 15, 1999, Motorola announced it would buy General Instrument in an $11 billion stock swap. General Instrument had long been the No. 1 cable TV equipment provider, supplying cable operators with end-to-end hybrid fiber coax cable solutions. This meant that GI offers all cable TV transmission network components from the head-end to the fiber optic transmission nodes to the cable set-top boxes, now at the availability of Motorola.

Products

Motorola creates numerous products for use of the government, public safety officials, business installments, and the general public. These products include cell phones, laptops, computer processors, and radio communication devices. The Motorola RAZR line has sold over 110 million units bringing the company to the number two mobile phone slot in 2005.

Divisional Products:^[9]

• Enterprise Mobility Solutions: Headquarters, located in Schaumburg, IL, comprises communications offered to government and public safety sectors and enterprise mobility business. Motorola develops analog and digital two-way radio, voice and data communications products and systems, mobile computing, advanced data capture, wireless infrastructure and RFID solutions to customers worldwide.

• Home & Networks Mobility: Headquarters, located in Horsham, PA, produces end-to-end systems that facilitate uninterrupted access to digital entertainment, information and communications services via wired and wireless mediums. Motorola develops digital video system solutions, interactive set-top devices, voice and data modems for digital subscriber line and cable networks, broadband access systems for cable and satellite television operators, and also wireline carriers and wireless service providers.

• Mobile Devices: Headquarters, located in Libertyville, IL, currently the least prosperous arm of the firm, designs wireless handsets, but also licenses much of its intellectual properties. This includes cellular and wireless systems and as well as integrated applications, and Bluetooth accessories.

See also: List of Motorola products (including Freescale's semiconductors)

Finances

Motorola's handset division recorded a loss of $1.2 billion in the fourth quarter of 2007, while the company as a whole earned $100 million during that quarter.^[10] It lost several key executives to rivals^[11] and its products have shown no sign of improvement, still remaining repetitive and uninnovative.^[12] Motorola laid off 3,500 workers in January 2008^[13], followed by a further 4,000 job cuts in June^[14] and another 20% cut of its research division a few days later.^[15] In July 2008, a large number of executives left Motorola to work on Apple Inc.'s iPhone.^[16] Facing bankruptcy, the company has been put on offer for sale to several other major rivals such as Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics and Sony Ericsson, yet all have rejected the offer.^[17] In July 2008, analyst Mark McKechnie from American Technology Research said that Motorola "would be lucky to fetch $500 million" for selling its handset business and analyst Richard Windsor said that Motorola might have to pay someone to take the division off the company and that the company may even exit the handset market altogether.^[18] Its global market share has been continuously on the decline; from 18.4% of the market in 2007, it had a share of just 9.7% by 2008.

Spin-offs

Television and radio manufacturing

In 1974, Motorola divested itself of its television and radio-manufacturing division, which included the popular Quasar brand of electronics. This division was acquired by Matsushita, already well-known under its Panasonic brand in North America, where it was looking to expand.

Iridium

Motorola developed the first truly global communication network using a set of 66 satellites. The business ambitions behind this project and the need for raising venture capital to fund the project led to the creation of the Iridium company in the late 1990s. While the technology was proven to work, Iridium failed to attract sufficient customers and they filed for bankruptcy in 1999. Obligations to Motorola and loss of expected revenue caused Motorola to spin off the ON Semiconductor (ONNN) business August 4, 1999, raising for Motorola of about $1.1 Billion.

Government and defense

Further declines in business during 2000 and 2001, caused Motorola to spin off its government and defense business to General Dynamics. The business deal closed September 2001. Thus GD Decision Systems was formed (and later merged with General Dynamics C4 Systems) from Motorola's Integrated Information Systems Group.

Semiconductor

On October 16, 2003, Motorola announced that it would spin off its semiconductor product sector into a separate company called Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.. The new company began trading on the New York Stock Exchange on July 16th of the following year.

Automotive

In July, 2006 Motorola completed the sale of its automotive business to Continental AG. Motorola’s automotive unit had annual sales of $1.6 billion (€1.33 billion) and employed 4,500. The divisions products included telematics systems used for vehicle navigation and safety services, engine and transmission control electronics, vehicle control, electronics and sensors used in steering, braking, and power doors and power windows.

Split

On March 26, 2008, Motorola's board of directors approved a split into two different publicly traded companies. This came after talk of selling the handset division to another corporation. These new companies are Motorola Mobile Devices and Motorola Broadband & Mobility Solutions. It is expected that this action will be approved by regulatory bodies and will be complete by 2009.

Quality systems

The Six Sigma quality system was developed at Motorola even though it became best known through its use by General Electric. It was created by engineer Bill Smith, under the direction of Bob Galvin (son of founder Paul Galvin) when he was running the company. Motorola University is one of many places that provide Six Sigma training.

Environmental record

The cell phone industry, and the fact that people are constantly upgrading their cellular phones, are contributing to electronic waste (e-waste)'s position as the fastest growing element of solid waste. Shipments of broken electronic devices have been reaching the harbors of Kenya, India, and China, despite international agreements that prohibit the import and export of hazardous waste. The Environmental Protection Agency attributed this problem to their estimation that exporting e-waste is as much as 10 times less expensive than disposing of it in the United States. Though there may be these financial reasons involved, the fact of the matter is that e-waste has been found to contain cadmium, lead, barium, and mercury. These and other elements found all add up to support one important detail: e-waste can be very toxic;^[19] Lead has been linked with damaging affects on child development and on both the central and peripheral nervous system, and repetitive exposure to cadmium can lead to damage of the lungs, kidney, and liver.^[20]

In order to recover these metals from the electronic waste, acid baths and open fires are often used, which create fumes and acid spillage that can lead to an unsafe workplace. The metals can also contaminate groundwater and accumulate in landfills.^[19] Motorola, Inc., along with the Arizona Water Co. has been identified as the sources of TCE contamination that took place in Scottsdale, Arizona. The malfunction led to a ban on the use of water that lasted three days and affected almost 5000 people in the area. Motorola was found to be the main source of the TCE, an industrial solvent that is thought to cause cancer. The TCE contamination was caused by a faulty blower on an air stripping tower that was used to take TCE from the water, and Motorola has attributed the situation to operator error.^[21]

Ratings from interest groups

Motorola received a 100% rating on the Corporate Equality Index released by the Human Rights Campaign in 2004,^[22] 2005,^[23] and 2006,^[24] starting in the third year of the report.

References

External links

• Motorola Official Website
• Motorola Careers
• Motorola Organization Chart
• Motorola Grant

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